Preface: The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. Against the backdrop of peace and ease of food and clothing, with the enrichment of people's material lives, there were naturally higher demands for health

Preface: The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. Against the backdrop of peace and ease of food and clothing, with the enrichment of people's material lives, there were naturally higher demands for health. Therefore, "health preservation" has become a pursuit of the whole society.

The rulers of the Tang Dynasty adopted an enlightened cultural policy of coexistence and inclusiveness among the three religions, resulting in the cultural phenomenon of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism being three legged.However, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism all have their own unique health preservation ideas and practical approaches, which not only provide multiple choices for the Tang people, but also create a good atmosphere for their health preservation.

Confucianism emphasizes the cultivation of spiritual and moral behavior, which means achieving the cultivation of human nature and the improvement of moral realm through inner introspection and enlightenment.

Confucianism cultivates its character and character through the cultivation of virtue, which emphasizes loyalty, righteousness, benevolence, filial piety, social responsibility, and solar terms. Confucian health preservation is also achieved through active participation in the world, the realization of life values, and the moral behavior of meritorious service and virtueInner Saint and Outer KingThe Way.

In the Tang Dynasty, Confucian health preservation also advocated the doctrine of moderation and peace, withRitesThe way to nourish oneself and believe that the doctrine of the mean is the best and most universally feasible moralityNeutralizationIt is the foundation of governance and health preservation. Simultaneously usingRitesTo control and constrain the supreme moral ethics.

In addition, Confucianism also pays more attention to inner peace, moderate diet, heart regulation and health preservation, and regular living habits.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Taoist health preservation focused on nourishing the body, which meant keeping the body away from diseases, maintaining a permanent appearance, and prolonging life.There are two ways for Taoist health preservation. The first is the Dan Ding School, which advocates using external forces and utensils for health preservation. The second is the Fu Zhuan School, which advocates using some vegetarian brewing techniques.Both of them are aimed at promoting longevity and ultimately achieving the goal of becoming immortal.

In the late Tang Dynasty, due to the fact that alchemy and medication did not achieve the desired effect, even leading to poisoning and death, internal alchemy and health preservation techniques began to emerge.It is to turn seeking external things into appealing to the human body itself, which is equivalent to treating the human body as a furnace to cultivate the essence, qi, and spirit within the body.Shi Shaowu, a famous health preserving Taoist during the Middle Tang Dynasty, advocated this form of health preservation.

The health preservation of Buddhism is different from both Confucianism and Taoism. It believes that everything in the real world is empty and life is also painful. Therefore, the health preservation of Buddhism is the spiritual health preservation method that provides ultimate care for life.

Buddhism pays more attention to the other side of the world after death, the Western Sukhavati, and denies the pursuit of interests, fame, wealth and happiness. Instead, it always emphasizes karma transmigration, karma, good with good, evil with evil, and charity for the world.

The health preservation of Buddhism mainly includes three parts: treating the mind, nourishing the body, and living in clothing, food, and daily life.Nurturing the mind mainly refers to compassion, kindness, and the ability to receive blessings in the afterlife; Nourishing oneself mainly refers to meditation and exercising muscles and bones; Food, clothing, and daily life refer to the details of lifestyle habits and health preservation.Buddhism is a spiritual health preservation aimed at ultimate care, not aimed at pursuing longevity.

Buddhism believes that the physical body is rare in the cycle of karmic retribution, so it is highly valued. Buddhist disciples adhere to the rules and regulations to prevent them from doing evil deeds. Objectively speaking, this can also play a certain role in prolonging life.

There are many ways to maintain good health in Buddhism, such as holding precepts, worshipping Buddha, meditating, reciting sutras, and observing stillness. The highest state of meditation and observing stillness is nirvana.The method of Zen health preservation was favored by the scholar officials in the Tang Dynasty, such as Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Wang Wei and Liu Zongyuan, who all worshipped Buddhism and deeply tasted Buddhist scriptures.

The common people of the Tang Dynasty used devout faith, release, chanting Buddha, reciting scriptures, and other behaviors as a means of nourishing their emotions, seeking spiritual liberation, and skillfully eliminating diseases and disasters.

In summary, the "three religions" not only have debates but also cite each other in terms of health preservation.

The Confucian concept of nurturing one's family draws inspiration from the Buddhist concept of mental health preservation; Taoism not only absorbed the Confucian moral health preservation ideology, linking the attainment of the Tao and the promotion of immortality with virtue, but also incorporated the Buddhist Zen mentality, viewing it as the key to the attainment of the Tao and the promotion of immortality.

In the practice of health preservation, the Tang people absorbed the health preservation ideas of two or more families at the same time.This feature is particularly prominent in Sun Simiao, a health preserving master. His health preservation philosophy can be described as combining the strengths of several schools, and he himself is not only a pharmacologist but also a Taoist. However, he was deeply influenced by the Buddhist philosophy of benevolence in health preservation, the idea of universal salvation throughout life, and the widespread practice of good deeds in health preservation.

The Tang Dynasty advocated timely prohibition, four hour fasting, daily health preservation, as well as not being full at night, traveling far, and emphasizing the maintenance of yang qi at night.For example, the "four seasons and five flavors" proposed by Sun Simiao, namely, sour and sweet in spring, bitter and bitter in summer, bitter and sour in autumn and salty and bitter in winter, are still used today.

The people of Tang followedEating for health preservationIn addition to the daily food and clothing, Sun Simiao also mentioned the concept of "five flavors, five grains and five medicines".

"Ganlu Soup" can be said to be the supreme food created by the wisdom of the poor ancients. As a prime minister, Li Linfu not only has some accomplishments in tactics, but also is familiar with experts in health care. He will drink a bowl of "Ganlu Soup" every morning.

Sweet dew soup is a Congee made from Reynoutria multiflora, deer blood and deer tendons.Reynoutria multiflora is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, and deer blood and deer tendons are rare ingredients in the world. From these kinds of ingredients alone, ordinary people can't afford them.

According to historical records at that time, when Li Linfu went to find his daughter, he saw his son-in-law Zheng Ping's sideburns were white, and he happened to be holding the nectar soup, so he immediately brought it to his son-in-law Zheng Ping to eat and said:Even in old age, eating this sweet dew soup can still make your temples as black as a young man

The next day, the government came to bestow Li Linfu with delicious food, which included the sweet dew soup, and then gave it to Zheng Ping. Unexpectedly, the next day, his son-in-law Zheng Ping's temples became dark and shiny.

Due to the unification of the Tang Dynasty, the smooth flow of the North and South Canal, and the development of shipbuilding technology, it was convenient for the supply of goods between the south and north, and a large amount of rice from the south began to be transported to the north.Northern people began to generally eat rice, so in the Tang Dynasty, people invented a Japonica rice diet with therapeutic and health preserving value - Qingjing Rice.

Qingjing rice is made by pounding the stems and leaves of the South Candle tree, and then soaking the japonica rice in a sauce, resulting in a black appearance, also known as black rice. Its nutritional value lies in soaking rice with the juice from the stem and leaves of South Candle. In the "Thousand Gold Prescriptions", it is recorded that:Southern candle frying covers temples, hair, and facial features, replenishes warmth, and cures all wind diseases. Long term consumption lightens the body and brightens the eyes, while black hair lingers on the face

Later on, the Tang people realized the value of tea as a dietary therapy for health preservation, and the trend of drinking tea began to prevail. Because Buddhism and Taoism both regarded tea as an important drink for health cultivation, it played a huge role in the popularization and promotion of tea drinking.

Regarding the value of tea dietary therapy for health preservation, Tang Dynasty pharmacologists wrote in "Dietary Materia Medica":"The tea leaves benefit the large intestine, remove the pyrolytic phlegm, boil the juice, and use Congee to make a good meal. In addition, the tea owner is good at sleeping and eating."From here, we can see that tea has the effects of moistening the intestines, removing heat and clearing phlegm, and eliminating greasy substances and digestion.

According to historical records, tea also has health benefits such as clearing the heart and removing troubles, refreshing the mind, and lightening the body and eyes.

Bitter tea that has been consumed for a long time has emergedThis is to say that drinking tea can prolong life, so this is also the reason why many Daoists, Buddhists, and poets love drinking tea, and at the same time, it can elevate drinking tea to a height of spiritual health preservation.

In addition, in other materials or Tang Dynasty poetry, we can also see the emergence of sesame as a health and health food, and it is also widely consumed.

Spinach, which has nutritional and health preserving value, has also been introduced. Meng Shen once introduced its beneficial effects on the five organs, clearing the intestines and stomach heat, and detoxifying alcohol in his "Dietary Materia Medica".

Pine nuts are known as "longevity fruits" and have been a tribute since the Tang Dynasty. Pine cake has also become a commonly used health preserving delicacy in the palace.

Congee is another important complementary food besides the main food in the tang dynasty, which is a semi liquid food. In the Kangxi Dictionary, there is a definition of Congee. Congee is a thick food made of rice, millet, corn or beans. Congee is also called "mi" and "mi Congee".

In ancient times, Congee can not only be used as a supplementary food for curing diseases, but also as a diet health care product. For example, in Eating Congee, it is said that people must eat Congee every day. Eating Congee is also necessary for health. It is believed that eating Congee can not only strengthen the body, but also prolong life.

The Tang people paid more attention to eating fruits to maintain their appearance, such as citrus, grapefruit, plum, pear, lychee, grape, longan, etc. Among them, lychee was popular as a fruit for beauty and beauty at that time.

Health preservation refers to the maintenance of life.The health preservation and guidance of the Tang Dynasty basically followed the old system of the Sui Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Nest family's propaganda method was very popular in the previous dynasty, because the Nest family believed that Qigong could cure all diseases, so they advocated using Qigong to treat rheumatism, hand and foot pain, and other diseases.Although the claim that Qigong can cure various diseases was somewhat exaggerated, it also had a certain progressive significance at the time, which had a significant impact on the health preservation ideology of the Tang Dynasty.

During the Baoying period of the Tang Dynasty, Wang Bing was skilled in researching health preservation methods. He once said in the Preface to "Chongguang Supplementary Annotation of Huangdi Neijing" that people's diet and daily life are important aspects of health preservation, and they should pay more attention to these two aspects if they want to maintain health.

Wang Bing also advocates the combination of form and spirit in terms of health preservation. If you want to maintain health, you should know how to restrain your desires and not excessively indulge and harm your body, otherwise it will go against the idea of health preservation.He advocates a health center for cultivating one's character and character, believing that health preservation is not only about cultivating morality, but also the path of life.

Sima Chengzhen, a famous health preserving scholar, Taoist scholar and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, has written health preserving works such as Tianyinzi, Zuowanglun, and Taking Qi Essence Theory, of which Tianyinzi is mainly composed of six chapters, namely, fasting, sitting and resting, thinking, gradually learning, and understanding.

He believes that humans are tangible and need to rely on breathing and blood essence to maintain life. Therefore, he believes that the first step of fasting is to pay attention to hygiene and mental cleanliness.Secondly, it is necessary to be clean and self loving, understand how to restrain desires, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.

Sima Chengxun believed that rubbing the palms of his hands to warm the skin can remove cold air, which is also known as "smooth external". Therefore, he referred to this massage technique asFriction smooth outsideThe method.

Zuowanglun is divided into seven aspects: faithfulness and respect, calmness, disconnection, simplicity, virtue, truth and tranquility. Sima Chengxun said that in the process of health preservation, one should not be hindered by trivial things in external objects, and should achieve calm and focused practice, that isTake it easyThis is both effective and allows for a sense of physical and mental pleasure.

A simple matterHealth practitioners should give up their pursuit of fame, wealth, and common things such as wine and meat, because they believe that these are harmful to others and violate the principles of health.GetIt means that the cultivation of Qigong and health preservation have reached the highest level, achievingUnity with God, Unity of Form and Spirit.

Mr. Huanzhen wrote in his book "Yuan Qi Jue" that he had encountered the real Duke of Luofu by chance, and thus learned the secret of breathing Qi Gong.

Mr. Huanzhen described the method of practicing Qigong in his "Naughty Judgment" in "Yuanqi Judgment". "Naughty" refers to the removal of pool qi, causing internal qi to overflow, thereby facilitating the "movement of qi".

The method of breathing is described in the "Regulating Qi Decision" in "Yuanqi Decision". Mr. Huanzhen believes that when breathing, it is necessary to coordinate the nose and mouth, otherwise it may lead to the occurrence of diseases.

Mr. Huanzhen's "Determination of Vital Energy" is a more scientific method to practice Qigong. This theory has its own uniqueness, which also shows that Mr. Huanzhen also has high attainments in Traditional Chinese medicine.

The people of the Tang Dynasty placed great emphasis on using medicine for health preservation and health care, so during this period, many famous talents emerged and numerous medical techniques emerged, with a vast volume.

In the cited literature of books such as "Waitai Secret Essentials" and "Yixin Formula", we can see that the book records many prescriptions for health preservation and health care, such as hand ointment and fumigation incense.

The Qianjin Prescription by Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in the Tang Dynasty, recorded many medicines for health care, most of which were inFruits, vegetables, and riceAmong other articles, there is also a unique understanding and understanding of the efficacy of food and the characteristics of food and medicine.

Among them, in the "Volume 27: Nourishing the Nature" section, there are also a large number of "Pigu Health" and "Yannian Yishou Formula", among which the "tonifying health" formula is mainly scattered in other sections.

A supplementary book to "Qian Jin Fang Yao", "Qian Jin Yi Fang," describes the properties, effects, indications, origin, and picking seasons of many types of health care drugs.The chapters on health preservation and elderly care theory and experience have made great contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine health preservation, making the theory of health preservation more perfect.

The "Wai Tai Mi Yao Fang" is a large-scale comprehensive medical prescription book compiled by the famous Tang Dynasty physician Wang Tao, who collected many medical techniques.

Since his childhood, Wang Tao has been weak and prone to various diseases. Throughout his life, he has focused on the medical techniques of prolonging life and attached great importance to health preservation. He has extensively collected ancient formulas and combined them with his years of clinical experience to compile a large number of methods related to medical health preservation.

There is also a special narrative about beauty and health preservation formulas in the book, which not only collects a large number of beauty and health preservation formulas, but also provides a very detailed classification of them.The main effects of these beauty and health preserving formulas include moisturizing hair, black hair, and eyebrow growth. The recorded bath bean formula also has effects such as moisturizing and scratching the skin, skillful wind and itching, and fragrant body building.

In Volume 21, numerous tonifying and health preserving formulas and medicines are recorded, including the six extreme hair injuries caused by fatigue, nourishing the four seasons, tonifying deficiency and damage, promoting skin growth, and promoting weight loss due to fatigue.

In "Xinxiu bencao", the author divided herbs into jade, grass, animals, wood, insect fish, fruits and vegetables, rice, etc., all of which have the effects of strengthening the body, prolonging life and tonifying.

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