Drink Congee to nourish your stomach? Drinking the wrong thing hurts the stomach! Avoid stomach damaging foods and seek tips from a gastroenterologist to protect the stomach

Hello, I am Dr. Li Wen from the Gastroenterology Department of Beijing 301 Hospital

Hello, I am Dr. Li Wen from the Gastroenterology Department of Beijing 301 Hospital. Welcome to the "Guidelines for Intervention of Precancerous Lesions of Old Gastric Diseases" course at the Medical School.

In the previous lesson, we talked about the precautions for taking stomach medication correctly. Today, we will start the eleventh lesson of the course. In this lesson, we will mainly talk about how to nourish the stomach through diet.

1. Excessive gastric acid secretion: key points for acid reflux and heartburn diet

Gastric diseases are influenced by the amount of gastric acid secreted. Excessive or insufficient gastric acid can lead to gastric diseases, the most common being gastritis. Friends of chronic gastritis with excessive gastric acid secretion should eat less or avoid acidic foods, such as yogurt, which can increase the amount of gastric acid secretion and increase pepsin activity. Therefore, excessive gastric acid secretion should not be consumed with yogurt. Milk is an alkaline food that can be consumed in moderation.

What is the condition of excessive gastric acid secretion?

When symptoms such as heartburn and acid reflux occur, it may be due to excessive secretion of gastric acid. At this time, milk, soybean milk, alkaline Mantou and other foods can be properly increased to neutralize excessive stomach acid, while reducing the consumption of thick broth, sour food (hawthorn), so as not to stimulate the secretion of stomach acid.

But some people eat Mantou and baked steamed bread slices when their stomach is uncomfortable, and use Mantou slices as stomach medicine. Is that OK? Actually, this is not advisable.

Both Mantou and steamed bun slices are fermented wheaten food. Some baking soda will be added to help fermentation when making them. In this way, the residual baking soda in Mantou will react with stomach acid and consume some stomach acid when eaten into the stomach. However, the amount of stomach acid consumed by eating Mantou or steamed bun slices is limited, and sodium bicarbonate will consume stomach acid and produce carbon dioxide gas, which will cause stomach distention and belching, but will increase reflux. Moreover, after eating, it can stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, which is not worth the loss.

Especially for friends with gastric ulcers, it is necessary to use baking soda with caution, as the gas generated during the reaction between baking soda and gastric acid can increase the risk of gastric perforation. Therefore, if you occasionally feel heartburn or do not have stomach medicine on hand, it is OK to take a little Mantou or steamed bread slices to temporarily relieve the symptoms. However, taking Mantou and steamed buns as medicine for a long time is not good. It does not have the effect of additional stomach protection, but may delay treatment.

2. Insufficient gastric acid secretion: bloating, indigestion, key dietary points

Just now we talked about how to eat and pay attention to excessive gastric acid secretion. How to eat if there is too little gastric acid secretion?

Patients with low gastric acid, such as atrophic gastritis, should eat more acidic foods to stimulate gastric acid secretion and aid digestion. Milk has a high fat content, making it prone to bloating after drinking. Poor digestion can worsen the condition, so it's better not to drink it. It is also important to note that you should not drink milk while taking alkaline drugs, because it is easy to suffer from milk-alkali syndrome when the two drugs are mixed together. When taking antidiarrheal medication, do not drink milk. Because milk not only reduces the efficacy of antidiarrheals, but also contains lactose, which can easily exacerbate diarrhea.

In addition, do not drink milk for 2 hours before and after taking antibacterial drugs, as milk will reduce the activity of the antibacterial drugs and prevent them from fully exerting their effects. In short, if you have low gastric acid secretion, which means you have digestive symptoms such as bloating and early satiety, it is recommended that you increase your intake of concentrated broth, acidic fruits, juice, and other foods to stimulate gastric acid secretion.

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It should be emphasized that people with atrophic gastritis who undergo gastroscopy and pathology may not necessarily have less gastric acid secretion. Why is this? Because the atrophy of gastric mucosa usually starts locally and gradually expands. Endoscopic biopsy is usually performed on the most severely affected area, while biopsy is not performed on normal mucosa. This means that a diagnosis of atrophic gastritis through gastroscopy and pathology does not necessarily mean that your stomach is completely atrophic, let alone that there is no gastric acid secretion.

What other dietary habits in life can easily harm the stomach?

3. Behaviors that harm the stomach in daily life

(1) Excessive consumption of Congee. When chewing food, the mouth will secrete salivary amylase to help digestion, but when drinking Congee, the mouth lacks chewing, which reduces the digestive function of the mouth, but it will burden the stomach, extend the digestion time, and may lead to acid regurgitation. Moreover, Congee will dilute gastric juice and slow down gastric peristalsis. Long term drinking Congee will reduce the function of gastric acid secretion.

(2) Excessive intake of coarse grains. Some friends have heard that miscellaneous grains are beneficial to the body, so they only eat miscellaneous grains, which is actually not advisable. Coarse grains are rich in dietary fiber and can indeed protect gastrointestinal health from various aspects, such as promoting intestinal peristalsis, water absorption and swelling, improving digestive function, and preventing constipation. But for patients with stomach diseases, not all are suitable. Moreover, some foods that are too coarse can not enter the small intestine through the pylorus after being digested by the stomach, but will return to the stomach for repeated digestion, which is easy to damage the gastric mucosa.

Therefore, when consuming coarse grains, try to eat easily digestible coarse grains such as kidney beans and red beans, or beat the food into a paste, but it is not advisable to consume too much at once.

It is recommended that coarse grains account for about one-third of the staple food, especially for elderly friends and those with insufficient gastric motility, which should be adjusted according to their own situation. Some indigestible foods should be cooked well.

(3) Eating too much fruit. For example, acidic fruits such as lemons, hawthorn, kiwifruit, and plums are more prone to acid reflux if consumed too much. Especially for patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, too much gastric acid will stimulate gastric mucosa and aggravate gastric ulcer. Secondly, when too much sweet fruits such as pineapple, banana and litchi are consumed, they will cause hyperosmotic state in the stomach like salt, stimulate gastric mucosa, and aggravate stomach disease.

Moreover, try not to eat fruits rich in tannic acid and pectin such as persimmons, black dates, and hawthorn on an empty stomach. A large amount of tannic acid and pectin may form stomach stones in a short period of time after encountering stomach acid, causing ulcers or bleeding.

(4) Eat the right vegetables. Rootstock foods such as celery, macaroni, and watercress have a strong ability to absorb heavy metals. Long term consumption in large quantities may cause heavy metal residues, especially vegetables such as macaroni and watercress that are more polluted and grow better. Pumpkins, also known as "metal scavengers," have pectin that can adsorb heavy metals and excrete them through digestion, allowing them to eat more.

(5) Do not eat cosmetic pork trotters, chicken feet, beef tripe, etc. Some unscrupulous vendors soak pig trotters in hydrogen peroxide to make them easy to pluck and have a good texture. After the "cosmetology" pig hooves enter the stomach, they will produce hydrogen ions. When the concentration of hydrogen ions increases, the acidity of gastric acid will increase, which will lead to the reduction of gastric blood flow and damage the gastric mucosa. If you see food such as beef tripe, chicken feet, jellyfish skin, pig intestines, and pig hooves that have a surface color that is too white, without blood vessels, or even oil, it may have been treated with "hydrogen peroxide", so you need to go to a regular supermarket for shopping.

After discussing the dietary habits that harm the stomach, how should elderly stomach patients eat?

3. Reasonable diet and protection of gastric mucosa

Firstly, eat easily digestible foods and consume less stimulating foods

When the stomach is uncomfortable, it is common to eat easily digestible food. Specifically, which foods are easy to digest?

Easy digestion means that food stays in the stomach for a relatively short period of time, easily mixes with gastric juice, quickly converts into chyme, and can be delivered to the duodenum in a short period of time. There are many easily digestible foods, such as rice, bread, noodles, milk, tofu, eggs, etc.

But there are also some foods that have a heavy burden on the stomach, such as sweet potatoes and other potato foods. Eating too much sweet potatoes can cause heartburn, as it stays in the stomach for a long time and requires the secretion of more stomach acid to digest it. Gastric acid and stomach contents will reflux into the esophagus, causing symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn. Friends with ulcers should eat less.

Secondly, chew slowly and have a pleasant meal

It is important to know that digestion starts from the mouth, chewing food carefully and mixing it with saliva. There are many digestive enzymes in saliva, and during the process of chewing food, sugar begins to be broken down. In addition, saliva can also regulate acidity and alkalinity, making food easier to digest in the stomach.

When eating, if you want to fully mix food and saliva, you need to take small bites and savor the aroma of the food carefully. This fragrance can stimulate your appetite and affect your digestive function. Your brain will stimulate the salivary glands to secrete more vigorously, which is more conducive to digestion and absorption.

Also, avoid mental tension while eating. If you feel nervous during meals, it can lead to a decrease in gastric juice secretion.

Thirdly, be sure to have breakfast

In the morning, if you don't eat anything, your stomach will also secrete gastric juice, but in reality, your stomach is still empty, so your gastric juice will directly attack the stomach wall, which is likely to cause ulcers. And due to the space in the stomach, it's easy to eat too much at noon. Eating too much fills the stomach with food, and the food and gastric juice cannot mix well. When food is delivered to the duodenum, the burden on other digestive organs such as the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder increases. So eating too much is also an important cause of pancreatitis, hepatitis, and cholecystitis.

Fourth, diet repair gastric mucosa

The first is to eat foods rich in pectin. Pectin has good adsorption, which can bond and eliminate bacterial toxins and other harmful substances in the stomach, so as to reduce the damage to gastric mucosa. It is also beneficial for the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine, improving the intestinal environment, and thereby reducing the incidence of stomach diseases. Apples, hawthorn, pumpkins, etc. are all rich in pectin and can be eaten appropriately in daily life.

Secondly, it is important to eat foods rich in anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidants and antibacterial agents. Their main function is to prevent bacteria from adhering to the stomach wall and help suppress the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Mulberries, blueberries, grapes, and goji berries are all rich in anthocyanins.

You can eat some carotene in moderation, which is an essential element for human mucosal tissue and can protect the gastric mucosa. It can also be converted into vitamin A, enhancing the body's stomach resistance, promoting the healing of gastric ulcers, and reducing the probability of gastric lesions. Orange yellow vegetables and green vegetables, such as carrots, spinach, and shepherd's purse, all contain high levels of carotene.

Okay, that's all for this lecture. Today we talked about the key points to pay attention to in the diet of friends with stomach diseases, including excessive and insufficient secretion of stomach acid, how to eat, and some dietary misconceptions.

Thank you for listening. Goodbye for our next lesson.

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Guidelines for intervention of precancerous lesions in elderly gastric diseases

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